Ethos, Pathos, and Logos — The Rhetorical Triangle

Table of Contents

Introduction

Ethos, pathos, and logos are three modes of persuasion by the use of which a speaker or a writer persuade, convince, or influence his/her audience or readers. These modes are cumulatively known as rhetoric triangle. They were presented by Aristotle (ancient Greek philosopher) in his famous work Rhetoric.

Ethos

It is about being trustable, knowledgeable, and experienced. By this, the speakers and writers persuade their audience or readers that they are qualified, reliable, and experienced in their respective fields. Let's suppose a doctor speaking about how to have a healthy life style? Now, the audience will only follow the advice if they truly believe that the doctor is qualified and experienced.

Pathos

It is about making people feel something (emotionally). By this, the speakers or writers arouses feelings (Joy, sadness, sympathy, anger, and hope etc.) in their audience or readers, so that they can connect with the message, speech, or writing on a deep emotional level. Let's take the example of Martin Luther King (Jr.'s) famous speech "I Have a Dream", in which he tries to charge his audience emotionally by presenting before them a picture of a future where there exists both racial equality and justice.

See Also

What is Diction? — Types of Diction

Logos

It is about using facts and logics. By this, the speaker or writer appeals to the audience or readers' intellect, and tries to convince them through logical arguments with the use of evidences, facts, and clear reasoning. For example, a research paper or article that is based on a current issue, and supported by data, expert views, and logical reasoning.

Conclusion

With a combine use of these three modes, a speaker or writer can make his/her speaking or writing more persuasive, where Ethos will establish trust among the audience or readers, Pathos will arouse emotions in them, and Logos will appeal to their intellect.